Jérôme Fenoglio graduated from ESJ (Ecole Supérieure de Journalisme). He joined Le Monde in 1991 as a sports reporter. In 1996, he became columnist for the France News section, before becoming editor of the section. He then joined the Sciences section as a reporter, before becoming successively editor-in-chief of Le Monde weekly magazine, then international reporter and editor-in-chief of Le Monde digital edition . In 2014 he became editorial director of Le Monde.

In June 2015, he was elected Director of Le Monde. His mandate was renewed in July 2021 for the next 6 years.